Methodology Article
Universal Gas Transitions for Pure Substances
Beycan Ibrahimoglu
,
Beycan Ibrahimoglu Jr.*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
23-28
Received:
8 May 2025
Accepted:
6 June 2025
Published:
10 July 2025
Abstract: Classical models of phase transitions have traditionally assumed that at the critical point of a pure substance, the temperature, pressure, and density simultaneously reach unique critical values. However, experimental findings demonstrate that along the liquid–vapor equilibrium curve, only the temperature (Tcr) attains a true critical state, while the pressure and density vary depending on experimental conditions. Furthermore, for the liquid–solid equilibrium curve at high pressures, a critical point associated with the disappearance of the metastable liquid phase has been experimentally identified, leading to the definition of a critical pressure (Pcr). To comprehensively address these phenomena, a Universal Phase Transition Equation (UPTE) is proposed, extending the classical Van der Waals framework by incorporating dynamic interaction parameters dependent on both temperature and pressure. The UPTE successfully integrates the solid, liquid, gas, and plasma phases into a unified model within the pressure–temperature (P–T) diagram. By accounting for metastability, critical phenomena, and non-equilibrium behaviors, the UPTE offers a more complete and realistic framework for describing phase transitions in pure substances.
Abstract: Classical models of phase transitions have traditionally assumed that at the critical point of a pure substance, the temperature, pressure, and density simultaneously reach unique critical values. However, experimental findings demonstrate that along the liquid–vapor equilibrium curve, only the temperature (Tcr) attains a true critical state, while...
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Research Article
Phenotypic Characteristics of Indigenous Chicken in Awi Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
29-37
Received:
29 May 2025
Accepted:
23 June 2025
Published:
15 July 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.aas.20251002.12
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Views:
Abstract: This study aimed to describe the phenotypic characteristics of indigenous chickens in three districts of Awi Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Nine qualitative and 12 quantitative traits from 486 chickens were considered for morphological parameters. The General Linear Model procedures (PROC GLM) of SAS 9.0 software to analyze body measurements, considering factors like agro-ecology, sex, and their interactions. Mean comparisons were conducted using Duncan’s multiple range test, and correlation analysis was applied to examine relationships between quantitative traits. The study revealed that 96.1% of the chickens had feathers, while 3.9% were naked-neck. The most common plumage colors were red (37.7%), white (19.8%), black (10.1%), Gebsema (17.3%), Teterma (8.8%), and multi-colored (6.4%). All measured quantitative traits in the study area showed statistically significant differences (P<0.001) between male and female chickens, with males displaying greater body weights and sizes than females. The average body weight of indigenous chicken was 1.67±0.31 kg for males and 1.47±0.29 kg for females. The overall mean body length was 37.09±1.25 cm, and this did not vary significantly (P>0.05) across different agro-ecological zones. Male chickens had an average body length of 37.37±1.47 cm, compared to 36.95±1.10 cm for females. The study found significant phenotypic variations among indigenous chickens across different agro-ecological zones. It recommends further genetic studies using molecular markers were needed to assess genetic diversity and relationships within these populations.
Abstract: This study aimed to describe the phenotypic characteristics of indigenous chickens in three districts of Awi Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Nine qualitative and 12 quantitative traits from 486 chickens were considered for morphological parameters. The General Linear Model procedures (PROC GLM) of SAS 9.0 software to analyze body measurements, consi...
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